Depression & Mood Disorders

What Is Depression?

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by a persistently low mood, loss of interest in activities once enjoyed, and a range of physical and emotional symptoms that interfere with daily functioning. Depression is not a choice, a phase, or a sign of weakness — it's a medical illness with identifiable biological underpinnings.

Depression affects approximately 21 million American adults each year. It's the leading cause of disability worldwide, yet fewer than half of those affected seek treatment.

Types of Mood Disorders

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Episodes of profound sadness, emptiness, and hopelessness lasting two weeks or more, often with functional impairment.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

A chronically low mood lasting at least two years. Often described as feeling "never quite right" even on better days.

Postpartum Depression

Depression following childbirth — beyond typical "baby blues." Can involve severe mood swings, exhaustion, and difficulty bonding.

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Depression that follows a seasonal pattern, typically worsening in fall/winter when daylight decreases.

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

Severe mood symptoms in the week before menstruation that significantly disrupt daily life.

Treatment-Resistant Depression

Depression that hasn't responded adequately to at least two different antidepressant treatments. Requires specialized evaluation and approaches.

Common Symptoms

Depression looks different in different people. Common signs include:

Persistent sadness or emptiness

Loss of interest or pleasure

Fatigue and low energy

Changes in appetite or weight

Sleep disturbances

Difficulty concentrating

Feelings of worthlessness

Excessive guilt

Slowed movement or speech

Irritability or restlessness

Physical aches with no clear cause

Thoughts of death or suicide

If you're having thoughts of suicide or self-harm, please call or text 988 immediately, or visit our Crisis Resources page.

Causes & Risk Factors

Brain chemistry — Disruptions in serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine contribute to depressive symptoms.
Genetics — Having a first-degree relative with depression increases your risk 2–3×.
Life events — Loss, trauma, chronic stress, and major transitions can trigger depressive episodes.
Medical conditions — Thyroid disorders, chronic pain, and certain medications can cause or worsen depression.
Substance use — Alcohol and drug use are both risk factors for and common co-occurring conditions with depression.

How We Treat Depression at Arcadia Minds

Our providers use an integrated, evidence-based approach combining medication and therapy for the best outcomes.

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Antidepressant Medication

SSRIs (like sertraline, escitalopram), SNRIs, bupropion, and other antidepressants are first-line treatments. We monitor carefully and adjust until you find what works.

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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

CBT is as effective as medication for mild-to-moderate depression and significantly reduces relapse when combined with pharmacotherapy.

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Behavioral Activation

A structured approach to gradually increasing rewarding activities — countering the withdrawal and avoidance that deepens depression.

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Integrated Care

Our providers coordinate therapy and medication management under one roof — making your treatment seamless and consistent.